The definition of matlab programming log mean temperature change is shown in matlab programming figure above. The meanings of matlab programming four temperatures in matlab programming log mean temperature difference equation are rather self explanatory as shown in matlab programming diagram of matlab counterflow double pipe heat exchanger at matlab programming right. In order to use matlab programming heat exchanger design equation to calculate matlab required heat transfer area, matlab value is required for matlab programming heat transfer rate, Q. This rate of warmth flow can be calculated if matlab programming flow rate of one of matlab programming fluids is legendary along with its specific heat and matlab programming required temperature change for that fluid. The equation to be used is shown below for both matlab programming hot fluid and matlab programming cold fluid:The heat move rate, Q, can be calculated in matlab preliminary heat exchanger design spreadsheet if matlab programming flow rate, heat capability and temperature change are known for either matlab programming hot fluid or matlab programming cold fluid. Then one unknown parameter can be calculated for matlab programming other fluid. preparePipelineAbstractProcessingPipeline. java:464at org. apache. cocoon. accessories. pipeline. There are numerous definitions of matlab Smart Grid . The European definition emphasizes matlab programming fact that SGs are electrical power networks intelligently integrating matlab programming behaviour of all actors to arrive sustainable, financial and secure energy supply . The United States Department of Energy USDoE definition focuses more on matlab programming safety and safety threats to be addressed with resilient and self healing mechanisms, offering opportunities for new services and markets . SGs pose several demanding situations that derive mainly from matlab programming integration of matlab programming physical infrastructure with guidance and communication applied sciences . All these challenges wish to be addressed with matlab holistic view taking into consideration all matlab programming different layers that form matlab programming SG atmosphere . Some of matlab programming main challenges are matlab programming augment of significance for availability of conversation community over traditional confidentiality and integrity facets in classic networks , matlab programming significance of customers privacy and protection of matlab programming infrastructure , matlab programming relevance of the way to integrate renewable energy resources in matlab dependable way , and matlab programming usage of tips/data available for self curative and self monitoring functions .